Testing Web Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Testing Web Services - Essay Example Over the half decade, web services have become widely used in the deployment of web-based applications as they provide the advantage of compatibility with various software platforms. However, due to the platform-independent nature of a client-server network architecture, testing web services can prove to be more difficult and requires approaches that are different from those employed in traditional software testing. World Wide Web (WWW) services typically involve three components: a web server, a web page, and a web browser. These components work together in delivering information to the end-user. Web pages are written using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) for delivering formatted static content. Dynamic web pages can be constructed with the use of additional scripting using programming languages such as PHP, ASP, C#, or Java. These scripts are typically located in the web server. The last component, the web browser, displays text and multimedia content of web pages to the end-user. Currently, there are a number of web browsers available in the market, the most popular of which are Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, and Google Chrome. The main purpose of creating web-based applications is to facilitate data transfer to the server and between servers. Web services work with various internet protocols and web standards. ... Online services rely on such standards to properly exchange messages with each other. Some protocols may also be derivates of web standards. For instance, Web Services Description Language (WSDL), and Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) are both based on the XML standard. For a better understanding of the standards, protocols, and techniques used in the development of web services, these technologies shall be described further in the succeeding sections of this paper. The Limitations of Conventional Application Testing Software testing does not exist for the sole purpose of improving the quality of the application. It also guarantees reliability and aids in building the user's trust in the system. Due to the platform-independent structure of client-server applications, the testing methods often used in ordinary software development cannot cover all possible issues that may arise in web service development. The developers of a web service are not capable of predicting the software platform or programming language of other applications utilizing the said service. Likewise, they are cannot determine beforehand the platform being used on the client's side. Testing procedures for ordinary software usually focuses on a particular platform. As a result, these tests will like be unable to keep up with the open platform nature of web services. The need for interaction between web services makes it even more difficult to use conventional testing methods for these applications. (Huang, J.Z., Qub, Y., H. W. & Xie, J. 2004) For web service testing to be effective, it is not enough for just the service provider or requestor to take full responsibility. All parties must be integrated into a unified testing framework.

Probation and Parole in the United States Essay Example for Free

Probation and Parole in the United States Essay Abstract Employee security problems and high risk caseloads progressively will move agents away from customary probation ideas of casework in the direction of ideas lined up with control or disciplinary beliefs. This study analyzes how the role of probation and parole has altered and what the future will be like counting on how we respond to the alterations at hand. This study also reviews changes in the criminal policies that have transpired. Probation and Parole in the United States: Changes in the Correctional System since World War II Under Florida law, the Department of Corrections is to keep the public safe and out of harm’s way, supply a protected and friendly environment for employees and criminals; work in joint venture with the community to add programs and services to lawbreakers; and oversee criminals at a grade of security appropriate with the hazards they present (Florida Department of Corrections, 1992). These duties pose marvelous trials for the employee’s management of the Florida Department of Corrections and the corrupt justice system as a whole. To have an insignificant impact on these matters, the system must make some foremost changes in how corrupt justice is distributed. This is necessary as the crime rates continue to rise; as courts misplace their influence in deterring crime by equalizing quick, rigid sentences; as correctional organizations accept inmates today and let them go tomorrow to ease overcrowding; and as criminals become more dangerous. The penalties of our failure to arise the surge of crime are frightening. An article in USA Today (1991) stated: Probation agencies have become seriously under-staffed just as they are being depended upon more strongly than any issue in history; probation, rather than prison, is the most widespread pattern of punishment. Probation agents have become less and less engaged in  their usual function, more connected to communal work and are more absorbed with law enforcement, following down those who have defied the periods of flexibility. Regardless of an astounding increase in the number of institutional facilities, an exceptional number of criminals have been put under strict watch in the community. The Florida Department of Corrections has more than 100,000 felony criminals under supervision in Florida communities. If it were not for overcrowding, numerous of these criminals would be assisting long sentences in state organizations. Regulation enforcement, the court, the correctional system, and probation and parole have the same duties for the malfunction of the criminal justice system. The difficulties documented above are huge. To deal with these difficulties, much of what we do and how we do it will need to be different. Many inside and outside alterations currently have been made to respond to the individual safety concerns of probation/parole agents in Florida: adjustment of agencies to provide for larger employee security, soft body armor, and firearms. This study task calculates areas where change is required, as well as obstacles that stand in the way of change. According to Edward W. Sieh (1990), Over the past so many years, probation communities have grown to more than 18% compared to about 15% in jail and prison communities and almost 13% in the number of paroles. Close to 2/3 of the complete correctional community was under probation supervision in the community at the end of 1985. Sieh decided that huge alterations in the criminal community have led to alterations in sentencing, as well as in how officers are expected or needed to do their job. Twenty-five percent of convicted felony criminals get probation. Other judgments encompass complete supervision and shock probation. Sieh’s study recognized two essential forms for overseeing criminals—â€Å"remedy† and â€Å"justice†. The remedy model demonstrates customary  casework and rehabilitation, and assesses change within the system. Sieh attacked the remedy mode, showing that it is inherently violent and unjust. It supposes a power over the impulse of criminals, out of capacity to their incorrect doing; it ignores information about the communal rather than therapeutic basis of crimes, and it treats clients as absolute objects of disciplinary policy to manipulate at a whim. The justice standard deals with the increasing occurrence of punishment. Sieh accepts that the standard was made from public appeal for belief of punishment with the smallest risk to the community. In his description of the justice standard, the officer is not at all worried about assisting alterations in the criminal, court instructions become the direction for supervision. Criminal success or failure counts upon his/her agreement with the conditions of supervision, and not the blame of the officer or the system. Complete supervision, in his outlook, is a process of the justice standard. Sieh assumed that the system is moving firmly nearer to a disciplinary one—the justice standard. He questioned contemporaries in the field to gaze for equity. Harris, Clear, and Baird (1989) discovered that the probation system completely extends to support remedy beliefs. Morran and Linder (1985) were in unison. They found more considerably, that electronic devices, sophisticated drug and alcohol area testing kits, and computerized information of new arrests are assisting to a larger focus of the law enforcement duty. Many of the criminals who carry out crimes are presently under supervision. Collaboration between regulation enforcement and probation would increase effectiveness. At the same time, supply for larger security for probation officers who might otherwise be needed to make late evening calls to tough positions without backup would not hurt either. Ten years before, supervising the whereabouts of a criminal by the use of an electronic monitor emerged light years away. Cold War undercover operations employed the use of electrical monitoring apparatus. The Florida corrections  system has intensely cooperated in a supervising program for more than ten years. Today, 800 criminals are under electrical monitoring oversight. The courts have vigorously approved the use of the apparatus. It is expected that the electrical monitoring will be utilized at elevated rates in the future. Between 1984 and 1988 the probation caseload went higher from 1.74 million to 2.36 million individuals (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1989). Numerous administrations have furthermore noticed that the probation populations are criminals who often begin with a high risk of threat to the probation agents (Guynes, 1988, Petersilla, Turner, Kahan, Paterson, 1985; Snyder, 1986). It is without question very necessary that officers are supplied with an access of security to make sure that they don’t become victims. The future is ours to shape and change, or to just let it occur. Given a perception of much important advancement, we should start to increase the speed of some of the more attractive future anticipations and slow up those with less attractive anticipations. To adjust the course of unattractive purposes, the setting up of balancing standards and practices will be needed.

Existentialism in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis and The Hunger Artist

Existentialism in The Metamorphosis and The Hunger Artist       Existentialism is a philosophy dealing with man's aloneness in the universe. Either there is no God or else God stands apart from man, leaving him free will to make his own choices. From this basic idea of man being alone in an uncertain and purposeless world, many related ideas have developed. One great worry of existentialist writers is that life is becoming too complicated and too impersonal. People become more and more involved with their work, which is taking them away from their friends, family, and culture. However, these provide the only "meaning" that life could possibly have. One author prominently known for his work with existential ideas was Franz Kafka. Kafka, who wrote from the mid-1910's until the early 1920's, took the ideas of existentialism and interwove them so well into his novels and short stories that they became a trademark of his writing. Two of his stories are good examples of this philosophy: The Metamorphosis and "The Hunger Artist."    In The Metamorphosis, Gregor, the protagonist, works as a salesman. He doesn't like his job but works very hard, making his job his life. When he wakes up one morning having turned into a dung beetle (or perhaps a cockroach?) during the night, he thinks only about how he is going to get to work, not how it happened or what he can do about it. The hunger artist is also completely dedicated to his job, which is fasting. To him it is an art, one which he works at day and night. All of his thoughts focus on how he can improve himself. At the end of forty days (which was the fasting limit set by his manager), he always asks himself, "Why stop now when [I am] in [my] best fasting for... ...    In both stories, Kafka deals with existentialist ideas. He touches on the view that society is becoming too complicated, too impersonal, and suggests that in our compulsion for work we are getting out of touch with each other. When we start treating humans as inanimate objects instead of people, the results are disastrous. Although Kafka makes these dismal observations, he also provides for a brighter future. Although humans as a group are becoming less and less personal, he seems to say, an optimistic future is possible if individuals will only stop and examine themselves and their relationships with other people.    WORKS CITED Kafka, Franz. "The Hunger Artist." In The Collected Short Stories of Franz Kafka. Ed. Nahum Glatzer. London: Penguin, 1983. ---. The Metamorphosis. Trans. Stanley Corngold. New York: Bantam, 1972.      

Church and State :: essays research papers

The Catholic Church, while she is militant on earth, is compelled to wage an incessant conflict, both for the preservation of the purity of her doctrines and for her own liberty in proclaiming them. The political disputes are a part and a consequence of the dogmatic controversy, and the mission of the Church resides in both alike. All modern history is filled with this double contest; on the one hand with her successive victories over new forms of error, and on the other with her gradual emancipation from every earthly influence. The latter aspect of ecclesiastical history is chiefly exhibited in the vicissitudes of the Papacy as a temporal power--in the growth and settlement of the Roman States. The conservation of the independence of the Holy See through the integrity of its territory has been an object of such importance as frequently to engage nearly the whole of Europe in the contests it has occasioned. Empires have risen and fallen in its behalf, and it has been the paramount interest and motive in most of the greatest changes in the political arrangement of Europe. It was a glorious spectacle for mankind, that, through all the shocks and changes of our history, through barbarous and civilized ages, in spite of the temptations of ambition and of the instigation of religious hatred, during centuries of boundless covetousness and violence, the Church, whilst surrounded by heretical and infidel powers, should have continued in possession of her dominions, recovering them whenever they were attacked, and gradually increasing them for nearly a thousand years, although guarded by nothing but the awe of an unseen protector, and the dread of the mysterious avenger who watched over her.

Accounting Information System and Special Journals

The principle of internal control violation is separation of duties. The person that records the incoming cash receipts should not be the same person that is posting the customer payments to their accounts. My recommendation to the business would be that they have one person recording the Incoming cash receipts, and they should assign another employee to take over posting the customer payments to the right accounts.This will ensure that payments will get posted to the right accounts, and reduce errors. 2. The principle of Internal control violation Is establishment of responsibility. Jeff is the custodian of the petty cash fund, and he should be the only one responsible for that petty cash fund. My recommendation for the company would be for another petty cash fund to be established for Jose when he Is needed to fill In as custodian. This will ensure that If something should happen with that petty cash fund, Jeff will not be held responsible for Joke's mistakes.Therefore, If Jose mak es a mistake as custodian of his own petty cash fund, he will be the one held responsible. 3. The principle of internal control violation is applying technological not a good for a company to store everything in the same place. My recommendation would be for the company to have all the records backed up at night as usual, and request Nadine to take the tape home with her every night. That way is something disastrous happened overnight she is able to recover all accounts with the backup tape she has taken home. The principle of internal control violation is performing regular and independent reviews. A regular and independent review should always be done whether an employee is or not meeting all Job requirements to satisfactory. My recommendation is for the manager's to immediately start regular and independent reviews. This will ensure that all employees will continue to do their Job effective and efficiently at all times. 5. The principle of internal control violation is to insure assets and bond key employees.

The Definition of Psychological Realism

The Definition of Psychological Realism Psychological realism is a style of writing that came to prominence in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  It’s a highly character-driven genre of fiction writing, as it focuses on the motivations and internal thoughts of characters to explain their actions. A writer of psychological realism seeks to show not only what the characters do but also to explain why they take such actions. Theres often a larger theme in psychological realism novels, with the author expressing an opinion on a societal or political issue through his or her characters. However, psychological realism should not be confused with psychoanalytic writing or surrealism, two other modes of artistic expression that flourished in the 20th century and focused on psychology in unique ways. Dostoevsky and Psychological Realism An excellent example of this genre (although the author himself didn’t necessarily agree with the classification) is Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment. This 1867 novel (first published as a series of stories in a magazine in 1866) centers on Russian student Radion Raskolnikov and his plan to murder an unethical pawnbroker. Raskolnikov needs the money, but the novel spends a great deal of time focusing on his self-recrimination and his attempts to rationalize his crime.   Throughout the novel, we meet other characters who are engaged in distasteful and illegal acts motivated by their desperate financial situations: Raskolnikovs sister plans to marry a man who can secure her familys future, his friend Sonya prostitutes herself because she is penniless. In understanding the characters motivations, the reader gains a better understanding of the conditions of poverty, which was Dostoevskys  overarching goal.   American Psychological Realism: Henry James American novelist Henry James also used psychological realism to great effect in his novels. James explored family relationships, romantic desires and small-scale power struggle through this lens, often in painstaking detail.   Unlike Charles Dickens realist novels (which tend to level direct criticisms at social injustices) or Gustave Flauberts realist compositions (which are made up of lavish, finely-ordered descriptions of varied people, places, and objects), James works of psychological realism focused largely on the inner lives of prosperous characters. His most famous novels- including The Portrait of a Lady, The Turn of the Screw, and The Ambassadors- portray characters who lack self-awareness but often have unfulfilled yearnings. Other Examples of Psychological Realism James emphasis on psychology in his novels influenced some of the most important writers of the modernist era, including Edith Wharton and T.S. Eliot. Whartons The Age of Innocence, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1921, offered an insiders view of upper-middle-class society. The novels title is ironic since the main characters of Newland, Ellen, and May, operate in circles that are anything but innocent. Their society has strict rules about what is and isnt proper, despite what its inhabitants want.   As in Crime and Punishment, the inner struggles of Whartons characters are explored to explain their actions, while at the same time the novel paints an unflattering picture of their world.   Eliots best-known work, the poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, also falls into the category of psychological realism, although it also could be classified as surrealism or romanticism as well. Its definitely an example of stream of consciousness writing, as the narrator describes his frustration with missed opportunities and lost love.

Astatine Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Astatine Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Atomic Number 85 Symbol At Atomic Weight 209.9871 Discovery D.R. Corson, K.R. MacKenzie, E. Segre 1940 (United States) Electron Configuration [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p5 Word Origin Greek astatos, unstable Isotopes Astatine-210 is the longest-lived isotope, with a half-life of 8.3 hours. Twenty isotopes are known. Properties Astatine has a melting point of 302Â °C, an estimated boiling point of 337Â °C, with probable valences of 1, 3, 5, or 7. Astatine possesses characteristics common to other halogens. It behaves most similarly to iodine, except that At exhibits more metallic properties. The interhalogen molecules AtI, AtBr, and AtCl are known, although it has not been determined whether or not astatine forms diatomic At2. HAt and CH3At have been detected. Astatine probably is capable of accumulating in the human thyroid gland. Sources Astatine was first synthesized by Corson, MacKenzie, and Segre at the University of California in 1940 by bombarding bismuth with alpha particles. Astatine may be produced by bombarding bismuth with energetic alpha particles to produce At-209, At-210, and At-211. These isotopes can be distilled from the target upon heating it in air. Small quantities of At-215, At-218, and At-219 occur naturally with uranium and thorium isotopes. Trace amounts of At-217 exist in equilibrium with U-233 and Np-239, resulting from the interaction between thorium and urainuam with neutrons. The total amount of astatine present in the Earths crust is less than 1 ounce. Element Classification halogen Melting Point (K) 575 Boiling Point (K) 610 Covalent Radius (pm) (145) Ionic Radius 62 (7e) Pauling Negativity Number 2.2 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol) 916.3 Oxidation States 7, 5, 3, 1, -1 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Â   Return to the Periodic Table

Free Essays on Vincent Willem van Gogh

Vincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch postimpressionist painter, whose work represents the archetype of expressionism, the idea of emotional spontaneity in painting. Van Gogh was born March 30, 1853, in Groot-Zundert, son of a Dutch Protestant pastor. Early in life he displayed a moody, restless temperament that was to thwart his every pursuit. By the age of 27 he had been in turn a salesman in an art gallery, a French tutor, a theological student, and an evangelist among the miners at Wasmes in Belgium. His experiences as a preacher are reflected in his first paintings of peasants and potato diggers; of these early works, the best known is the rough, earthy Potato Eaters. Dark and somber, sometimes crude, these early works evidence van Gogh's intense desire to express the misery and poverty of humanity as he saw it among the miners in Belgium. In 1886 van Gogh went to Paris to live with his brother Thà ©o van Gogh, an art dealer, and became familiar with the new art movements develop ing at the time. Influenced by the work of the impressionists and by the work of such Japanese printmakers as Hiroshige and Hokusai, van Gogh began to experiment with current techniques. Subsequently, he adopted the brilliant hues found in the paintings of the French artists Camille Pissarro and Georges Seurat. In 1888 van Gogh left Paris for southern France, where, under the burning sun of Provence, he painted scenes of the fields, cypress trees, peasants, and rustic life characteristic of the region. During this period, living at Arles, he began to use the swirling brush strokes and intense yellows, greens, and blues associated with such typical works as Bedroom at Arles. For van Gogh all visible phenomena, whether he painted or drew them, seemed to be endowed with a physical and spiritual vitality. In his enthusiasm he induced the painter Paul Gauguin, whom he had met earlier in Paris, to join him. After less than two months they began to have violent disa... Free Essays on Vincent Willem van Gogh Free Essays on Vincent Willem van Gogh Vincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch postimpressionist painter, whose work represents the archetype of expressionism, the idea of emotional spontaneity in painting. Van Gogh was born March 30, 1853, in Groot-Zundert, son of a Dutch Protestant pastor. Early in life he displayed a moody, restless temperament that was to thwart his every pursuit. By the age of 27 he had been in turn a salesman in an art gallery, a French tutor, a theological student, and an evangelist among the miners at Wasmes in Belgium. His experiences as a preacher are reflected in his first paintings of peasants and potato diggers; of these early works, the best known is the rough, earthy Potato Eaters. Dark and somber, sometimes crude, these early works evidence van Gogh's intense desire to express the misery and poverty of humanity as he saw it among the miners in Belgium. In 1886 van Gogh went to Paris to live with his brother Thà ©o van Gogh, an art dealer, and became familiar with the new art movements develop ing at the time. Influenced by the work of the impressionists and by the work of such Japanese printmakers as Hiroshige and Hokusai, van Gogh began to experiment with current techniques. Subsequently, he adopted the brilliant hues found in the paintings of the French artists Camille Pissarro and Georges Seurat. In 1888 van Gogh left Paris for southern France, where, under the burning sun of Provence, he painted scenes of the fields, cypress trees, peasants, and rustic life characteristic of the region. During this period, living at Arles, he began to use the swirling brush strokes and intense yellows, greens, and blues associated with such typical works as Bedroom at Arles. For van Gogh all visible phenomena, whether he painted or drew them, seemed to be endowed with a physical and spiritual vitality. In his enthusiasm he induced the painter Paul Gauguin, whom he had met earlier in Paris, to join him. After less than two months they began to have violent disa...

Economical and Biological Importance of Rice Research Paper

Economical and Biological Importance of Rice - Research Paper Example Rice is found in different varieties, with each variety responding to certain species of weather and climate. In essence, rice has often been used by different civilizations to determine their degree of cultural influence over others. In the course of history, some communities have used Rice as a means of exchange by trading it with other material goods and services with other communities (Rost, 1997). For instance, the long-distance traders in West Africa and Central Africa relied on rice as a means of exchange during the Trans-Saharan trade. In terms of nutrition, rice is a carbohydrate that nourishes the energy requirement of humans at all ages. Its consumption varies in terms of accompaniments just as the cooking methods vary across communities and individuals. Modern agricultural systems have engaged in value addition practices meant to increase the nutritional value of rice. However, nutritionists have linked unbalanced consumption of rice to diseases such as pellagra and other diseases of malnutrition. Nevertheless, rice remains one of the most common and most important foods for the global population, times, cultures, and geographical spaces. The earliest consumption and cultivation of rice has been traced to the year 2500 B.C., (Chang, 2001). Historians have explored multiple sources of evidence, which show that rice was first cultivated and consumed in China. It was from China that this food commodity found its ways to places such as Sri Lanka and India (Rost, 1997). It remains imprecise as to the exact nature of influence and contacts that contributed to the spread of Rice from its original land to other geographical regions of the world.  

Civil Partnership and Marriage are the Same Essay

Civil Partnership and Marriage are the Same - Essay Example To be eligible for a civil partnership, the parties should be of the same sex, be unmarried and not already a civil partner, be over the age of 16 and have parental consent if under 18 years of age, and should not be within the prohibited degrees of relationship. The formalities of marriage are predominantly governed by â€Å"the Marriage Act 1949, the Marriage Act 1983 and the Marriage (Registrar General’s Licence) Act 1970† (LexisNexis 2011). They include requirement for licenses, the conduction of marriages in a prescribed place, the fulfillment of formalities that relate to the hours of marriage, the attendance of witnesses, and other factors. Failure to comply with the formalities may form grounds for nullity. The formalities governing the formation of a civil partnership are contained in the Civil Partnership Act 2004. They include the requirements pertaining to notice and residence, the place of registration, delivery of the civil partnership document, registrati on, publicity, objections, and the waiting period. There is recognition of particular overseas relationships in England and Wales, which derive the same benefits as civil partnerships, and may be terminated in the same way as civil partnerships. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to critically discuss the statement that civil partnership is simply marriage by another name; therefore there is no need to extend marriage to same-sex couples or civil partnership to different-sex couples. Civil Partnerships and Marriage Until 1967 the concept of same-sex partners had not been acceptable in the United Kingdom; and sexual relations between two people of the same gender was considered illegal. The law was changed in 2004 as a result of extensive pressure from the gay community and the government’s commitment to equality and social justice. Ultimately, the law recognised the relationship between same-sex couples as similar to the marriage relationship between opposite-sex people. These reforms are significant, particularly for those generations of same-sex couples who suffered discrimination because of their relationship being considered illegal (Family Law 2, 2007). Thus, The Civil Partnership Act 2004 (CPA) has had long-term legal effects. It creates a new legal status of ‘civil registered partner’, and aligns English law with that of â€Å"the Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Canada, Denmark, Sweden, Portugal, Spain and Germany† (Family Law 2, 2007: 30). The Act grants several rights and responsibilities to homosexual partnerships that have been registered. Like marriage, the Civil Partnership Act, 2004 has particular formalities which need to be in place. The formation of the civil partnership is procedurally similar to the civil wedding. Thus, â€Å"the registration cannot take place in a place of religious worship and no religious service is permitted† (Family Law 2, 2007: 30). However, a specific difference between a c ivil marriage and a civil partnership is the form of words used; that is, no specific forms of words need to be used for a civil partnership unlike the case of a civil wedding. Only people of the same sex can register Section 2(1) of the Civil Partner

Emerging Tourism Markets and destinations ( chosen destination New Coursework

Emerging Tourism Markets and destinations ( chosen destination New Zeeland) - Coursework Example xi). In order to take advantage of this opportunity, the Prime Minister at the time, Helen Clark, made a documentary called New Zealand: the Royal Tour (2002).Suddenly in the spotlight, the nation had the opportunity to increase their tourism, increasing the economic benefits and placing the nation on lists of desired destinations for tourists around the world (IMDB 2013). Prime Minister Clark was able to show her own capacities in being a part of the natural world, providing for eco-tourism enthusiasts to have a unique glimpse of the beautiful and almost untouched landscapes. 2. Overview The geographical landscape of New Zealand is based on two main islands and the surrounding smaller islands in the region (The Official Website of the British Monarchy 2009). The region is a constitutional monarchy which is headed by Queen Elizabeth II, but managed by a Prime Minister who is advised as needed by the appointed Governor General who represents the Queen, but asserts authority rarely, if ever. The Constitution is the core of the governance of the Island state with the nation sitting at 5th for its use of democracy and having one of the most stable governments in the world (The Fund for Peace 2013). The climate in New Zealand can only be described in relationship to the region for which the discussion is being made. Temperatures can range from 10 degrees Celsius in the south to 16 degrees Celsius in the north. The climate is mild for the most part, but remote regions can have either very warm or very cold temperatures, extremes that are dependent upon the location (The New Zealand Encyclopaedia, 2013). The sun shines in the Auckland and Wellington regions on average 2000 hours per year. Cooler climates are found in the south with only having about 1400-1600 hours per year, with the northern parts of the region having the sunniest number of days at 2400-2500 per year (Corrigan 2012, p. 41). The OECD (2009, p. 71) developed a report on the status of New Zealand, inclu ding information on the infrastructure. According to the report, the development of roads, of stable electricity, and of communications has increased rapidly in the last decade. The appointment of a minister to focus on infrastructure has indicated recognition of the need for attention to the facilities within the nation. In addition, a problem was recognized when the 2008 worldwide economic downturn began as a lack of insurance on banking deposits caused financial difficulties as the worldwide banking structures began to fail (OECD 2009, p. 73). English is the primary language in New Zealand, but prior to colonization the Maori language was the primary language. In 1987 the Maori language was recognized as an official language (Bell, Harlow, and Starks 2006, p. 13). The Maori were the first immigrants to the land of New Zealand, travelling in canoes from Tahiti about 1500 years ago. The Maori are now only about 15% of the population with about 500,000 in the population. There are a great many tribes of the Maori, but traditional Maori life is not widely practiced and most have integrated into the post-colonial modern world (Theunissen 2003, p. 5). Like most regions of the world that were oppressed under colonialism, the Maori were discouraged from speaking their own language and to integrate in servitude positions under the British domination. Children in schools under British colonialism were punished severely for speaking

Personality and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personality and Leadership - Essay Example The present research has identified that leadership solves the complex problem and issue of how to control and organize the collective effort. It involves putting people in order so that they can perform a common goal or duty. Effective leadership ensures that institutions are able to achieve their goal and visions while keeping in line with their mission. Leadership ensures organization effectiveness and efficiency. Because of good leadership organization such as universities, hospitals, corporations, governments, and armies are able to thrive. The success in organizations as a result of leadership boosts the psychological and financial well-being of people. The main objective of leadership is to ensure that people collectively achieve common goal and aspirations. It is a tool that ensures group and individuals thrive and survive. Leadership involves keeping things in order whenever they go astray. It involves motivating and encouraging people to work towards the common or set objec tives. It entails maintaining and building of teams which are effective. It does this by encouraging people to work towards a common objective and goal. It discourages selfishness and ensures collective benefits and achievements. Leadership encourages corrective responsibility of a team as people are encouraged to work as a team. It ensures people are watching each other’s back. People are able to seek guidance and assistance from others because of the team spirit caused by leadership. When misused, leadership becomes a tool of destruction. Leaders use the authority they have to push for their personal intentions and objectives. Leadership gives few people authority who can use the chance to dictate and ruin other people’s lives. Leadership only involves pursuing the objectives and intentions of the few people who have the leadership roles. It promotes laziness as people act upon instructions and supervision. With leadership, people get used to being pushed. It makes p eople depend on other people’s effort in order to get something done.

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Reaction paper - Essay Example Properly communicating and effectively dealing with other people might be the sole aptitude that decides our status in society. Communication is the sharing of information or feeling. Communication can be verbal or non verbal. Successful and satisfying face to face communication comprise of three elements: words, tone of voice and body language. Communication process constitutes 93% of the silent or nonverbal communication i.e. tonality accounts for 38% and body language accounts for 55%. Which means only 7% of the whole communication process depends upon words (Steve, 2009). It is commonly seen that communication is usually described in terms of spoken words. But very few of us know the fact that words are only the carrier and transport of the message. True meaning behind the message cannot be clearly understood only with the words. The receiver has to guess and make judgments of the words. This fact can easily be understood by the example of communicating via emails and letters, in which nonverbal part of communication is definitely a missing element and leave the interpretation open to the reader which sometimes leads to misunderstanding and arguments. Lasting relationships can only be created when feelings and emotions behind the words communicate between the people. Trust can be earned by conveying nonverbal evidences that are consistent with the words. Tone of voice affects greatly on the meanings of words. As above stated, 38% of communication transmits by the tonality. For Example, fast and catchy tune of the song brings energy and liveliness to the person, no matter whatever the lyrics of the song are. Another supporting example in this regard is response of a baby to different voices. They might not understand the words but they smile and cry according to the intensity of the voices they hear. Many people do not know how to manage their tone in different situations which is critical to make positive association with someone they

Personality and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personality and Leadership - Essay Example The present research has identified that leadership solves the complex problem and issue of how to control and organize the collective effort. It involves putting people in order so that they can perform a common goal or duty. Effective leadership ensures that institutions are able to achieve their goal and visions while keeping in line with their mission. Leadership ensures organization effectiveness and efficiency. Because of good leadership organization such as universities, hospitals, corporations, governments, and armies are able to thrive. The success in organizations as a result of leadership boosts the psychological and financial well-being of people. The main objective of leadership is to ensure that people collectively achieve common goal and aspirations. It is a tool that ensures group and individuals thrive and survive. Leadership involves keeping things in order whenever they go astray. It involves motivating and encouraging people to work towards the common or set objec tives. It entails maintaining and building of teams which are effective. It does this by encouraging people to work towards a common objective and goal. It discourages selfishness and ensures collective benefits and achievements. Leadership encourages corrective responsibility of a team as people are encouraged to work as a team. It ensures people are watching each other’s back. People are able to seek guidance and assistance from others because of the team spirit caused by leadership. When misused, leadership becomes a tool of destruction. Leaders use the authority they have to push for their personal intentions and objectives. Leadership gives few people authority who can use the chance to dictate and ruin other people’s lives. Leadership only involves pursuing the objectives and intentions of the few people who have the leadership roles. It promotes laziness as people act upon instructions and supervision. With leadership, people get used to being pushed. It makes p eople depend on other people’s effort in order to get something done.

Critically analyse the impacts that mega events have on a tourism Essay

Critically analyse the impacts that mega events have on a tourism destination - Essay Example It shall also discuss the strategies that the Chinese government used in order to enhance positive impacts and reduce the negative impacts of these mega events on Beijing, China, and on the Chinese people. The 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing, China is the most recent Olympics conducted. China won the bid in 2001 to hold the 2008 Olympics after two rounds of voting by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). It was China’s second bid to host the international games after it failed in its first bid 8 years before to Sydney, Australia (Longman, 2001). The games were declared a success by the IOC during the 13th Olympic Congress last October. The Olympic Games featured participants from 204 IOC member countries with about 80 heads of state attending (Xinhua News Agency, 2008). The city welcomed thousands of tourists who participated, watched the games, and took in the many sites around the country. It was the biggest influx of tourists the country has ever seen; and considering its closed-door policy for so many years, the Beijing Olympics opened China, on so many levels, to the rest of the world. Mega events have the potential of bringing various economic benefits to the place where the event is to be held. Economic analysts claim that they bring macroeconomic benefits which ultimately mean higher economic growth to the country due to increased spending in relation to the mega event. Economics Help.org (2008) also points out that the extra spending seen in mega events helps fuel inflation and boosts the economy of the country in general. With the increased influx of tourists into China, the exchange rate was also expected to increase. CNN’s Nick Hopkins (2001) also points out how the Beijing Olympics would potentially trigger the entry of major international investments into China. The entry of multinational corporations like McDonald’s, Coca-Cola, and Eastman Kodak into China is already a given because these

Presences of Others Essay Example for Free

Presences of Others Essay It is shown that people have the tendency to perform better when in a group this is called social facilitation. There have been other studies done contradicting this and with more difficult experiments it actually hurts a person’s performance in a group. As Zajonc stated; a state of arousal is linked to performance without the presence of others. When an individuals is faced with a more difficult task it may lower that persons self esteem and then lead to that person not performing at his or her best. Most people are afraid of being judged and this will affect all of our normal everyday behaviors due to a low self esteem issues. Now with simple tasks a person’s performance can be a positive and a stimulating experience allowing a person to perform better and set higher goals for themselves and have higher self esteem. I am a person who can identify with these, in starting school a few years back I was very intimidated and self conscious about being in a class room with people I did not know. I watched everything I said or did and did not want to even raise my hand because I did not want to be embarrassed if I answered incorrectly or sounded stupid. At first in my class I did not perform very well with the group, but as I got to know everyone my positivity started coming out and I was able to benefit with being in a group and excelled. The article I read in the Journal of Social Psychology was about a widely accepted finding that in social psychology, that the mere presence of others reduces anxiety. Based on Wrightsman’s widely accepted findings, that his study which he originally demonstrated that the reduction of anxiety is less in the presence of others (at least firstborns). Though Epley raised some questions on the methodology of Wrightsman’s study and about the real reason there was an anxiety reduction, Epley stated that it was probably due to the distractions or social comparison and not just the  presence of others. I believe that depending on the situation the group may be in. I also found that also it depends on the situation and task at hand that a group is in and if the conditions are peaceful or hectic. The next article I read stated that the presence and type of situation and the connection between the two with the presence of an audience and how they react to the performance. Partic ipants were performing various tasks both in group settings and alone. In group settings word association was better performed compared to problem solving tasks which were more successful while performed alone. It all depends on the task at hand and in what situation the task is being performed in and under what conditions. Reference Journal of Social Psychology. Aug1978, Vol. 105 Issue 2, p301. 2p.

Modified Biogeography Based Optimization

Modified Biogeography Based Optimization Modified Biogeography Based Optimization and enhanced simulated annealing on Travelling Tournament problem. Abstract: This paper shows the implementation of Modified BBO and Extended BBO on Travelling Tournament Problem. We modified the migration step of BBO by using probabilistic measures into it. Conventional BBO is used to solve deterministic problems but when we are dealing with real world problems which are non deterministic Conventional BBO failed to achieve the desired/expected results. Modified BBO is able to handle non deterministic problems which occurs in TTP and considered it as noise. The physical significance of noise in our modified solution is any existing parameter which can affect the fitness of the habitat. We also implemented various models of Extended BBO (Linear and Non linear models) on TTP to achieve desirable results. In this paper we compare the performance of our modified BBO to conventional BBO on TTP problem and compare results with previous methodologies. Introduction BBO is Global optimization method which represents organism distribution in our biological system in terms of mathematical model .BBO is an evolutionary algorithm whose working principle is based upon migration mechanisms of species from one habitat to other depending upon the fitness of the habitat which are favorable to them .The habitat which have high HSI (high suitability index ) have high value of species count .Therefore habitat which have high value of HSI have high emigrating rate; it is ready to send its SIV to other habitat, while the habitat having low value of HSI have low value of species count and their immigrating rate is high ;that is it as ready to accept species towards itself .HSI of a habitat can be affected on the basis of SIV (suitability index variables) which are independent variables. The above diagram illustrates the basic mechanism and relation between immigration curve and emigration curve. Here I is maximum Immigration rate, E is maximum emigration rate, is equilibrium number of species, is emigration rate and is Immigration rate. Modified BBO for TTP: Firstly the question arises why there is need of Modification of BBO .We are dealing with biological issues which are dynamic in nature so we have to modified our solution which can take care all dynamic constraints of nature. Let we have two habitats and .These habitats have their fitness’s as and .Let noise involved in two habitats are and .Due to affect of noise the measured fitness is instead of .If we consider has more fitness than ,and let n1 has huge value than n2 and both high value than and .Therefore the overall fitness becomes: 1.1 1.2 Therefore HB1 accepts the SIV from HB2 as condition of BBO gets satisfied as immigrating habitat fitness is less than emigrating habitat. But population of HB1 is already high due to its high HSI because its fitness is more if don’t consider noise .this immigration should not be done .The BBO migration procedure will corrupted .That’s why we need to modify it. In order to calculate the uncertainties, we use the concept of noisy BBO[]. U= 1.4 E= +1.5 U = 1.6 Where U is the uncertainty of the state estimate, m is the estimated fitness, z is the measured fitness, is the variance of the process noise, and is the variance of the observation noise. The uncertainty and the estimated fitness are the values from the previous iteration step before the most recent fitness measurement is updated. The process noise is assumed to be zero, therefore the uncertainty U is only related and . U = 1.7 U = 1.8 Because 0, now +1 > 1. Therefore +1 .With each step in the Kalman algorithm, the uncertainty U will be reduced according to and . Small value of uncertainty leads to high accuracy of estimated fitness. If limit tends to infinity, than Kalman filter gives an estimate value of the fitness which is equal to the real value. Proposed Modified BBO algorithm: Select habitat with the Probability . If is selected For j=1 to n Select with the probability. If is selected Use rand (0, 1) to select SIV from the habitat and pass it through Modification phases. Choose the best feasible solution based on optimal selection from the output of three Modification Phases. Replace selected SIV with End of if End End of if The above Algorithm solves all the issues that is related with Deterministic Problems. We Map this approach to different variants of BBO that can be classified as its Models. Equations used : The above equation is generalization of Baye’s rule. Probability of a habitat with fitness after accepting a selected SIV greater than fitness given that. is simply equal to where P(switch) is given by : When x > y we obtain: if x The PDF of p is as follows The PDF of q is as follows. In the Modification step we talked about three ways by which we can increase the performance of BBO. These three ways can be described as: No-reevaluation phase: In this phase we have two Habitats as immigrating habitat and act as emigrating habitat. We consider two instances of as and Firstly is going to accept optimal SIV from and then accept another best suitable SIV from and after that their performance get measured on the probabilistic measures as: = Immigrating Habitat Re-evaluation: () Emigrating habitat Re-evaluation: () From the above phases we choose the best option for the immigration step. Secondly we Map this Modification approach to all the variants of Extended BBO and implement it on TTP problem. We Modified the Immigration step and apply this Modification to all the linear and non linear Models of BBO to check whether we are able to achieve the optimal results or not. We Test our algorithm to obtain various results which provide optimal solution for TTP problem. We also apply efficient simulated annealing in order to refine our solution obtained so far. We use this technique after we produced the Schedule, so that we can optimize our solution. Efficient Simulated Annealing is applied to schedule after these five moves: 1. Swap Homes(S, 2. Swap rounds(S, 3. Swap Teams(S, 4. Partial Swap Rounds(S, 5. Partial Swap Teams(S, After these Simulated algorithm is applied on the schedule which is obtained after implementation of above moves in order to obtain best feasible schedule. The cost objective function is used in order to calculate the best feasible schedules Results of implementation of our Modified algorithm for TTP Performance comparison of best feasible cost produced by linear and non linear-models

The Life Journey of an Artist :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

The Life Journey of an Artist Throughout history the role of the artist has changed greatly. Looking through the annals of Art History, the time that we are in now is very different than any other. A profession that has always been looked at as just that, a profession, has become more of a life mission, of sorts. Very gradually the artist began working for his or her own benefit instead of for a benefactor or commission. Is this a good change or a bad one? Is this the inevitable evolution of art? Is life as an artist in this society worth the effort? These question are what face many young people like myself. Someone once said to me "mindless programmable beings the choices would be easy. We would all be doctors and lawyers. Those are obviously the most easily attained and most rewarded in our society. Going to college for medical or law for a few years seems to predestine you for, if nothing else, a fairly large paycheck and a nice house in the suburbs. The culmination of the American dream. So why, one would ask would anyone choose to be an (gasp!) artist? This is the dilemma that most art students face today. Should they be true to their personal and artistic values or should they assure their the ability to survive in a capitalist American society. A profession that, throughout history, has been considered that of an artisan, has changed. Artist were once respected for their talent and rewarded for their accomplishments. The artists of yesteryear were content to be commissioned to showcase their patron's visions. An artist who bows to a patron today is considered an artistic whore. They are said to not be true to themselves or their profession. People like designers and performing artists thus face a problem. In the artistic community they are not doing anything of value because they are buying into the system. But in the rest of the world they are grouped into 'artist' for their talents. And so they are left to float in the middle. But the point stands that they have a better chance of attaining the great American dream of happiness through monetary accomplishments. The artist who does not take into account the system in which we live, however does not have as good of a chance. Of course there are artists who have been true to themselves and are considered successes in our society.

The Merger of Womens and Mens Sports will Benefit Women :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

The Merger of Women's and Men's Sports will Benefit Women Every sports fan hates to admit the fact that sports are simply business, but it is undeniable that sports are one of the most lucrative businesses in the U.S. Right now the market for women's professional sports is growing rapidly. The best way for women's sporting organizations to promote and sell this market is to align with previously established organizations such as the NBA, NCAA and the USOIC. Although joining with men's organizations is a difficult process that involves compromise, merging with these organizations helps to land big television contracts, gives greater publicity, and brings in endorsements, advertisers and investors. The lack of these benefits was among the key factors in the failure of the ABL. Inversely, these are the reasons for the successes of the WNBA and women's sports in the Olympics. Throughout the history of female athletics merging with male sports organizations has not always been a pleasant experience. In 1982 the AIAW merged with the NCAA, despite the NCAA fighting tooth and nail to try and find ways out of Title IX, an act of Congress that required Universities to provide equal funding for women's athletics. The NCAA did everything they could to stop the equal funding but finally gave in during the 1990's. Right now the NCAA embraces its women's sports programs and has had many women represented on the executive committee roster and even has a committee on women's athletics. Also, the NCAA has worked out television contracts with ESPN, FOX sports and CBS. This has lead to not only coverage of women's sports but publicity. Women's games are talked about on Sports Center and College Hoops Tonight everyday during the season. The addition of the women's to the Olympics did a lot more to promote commercial secures and the advancement of women's The Women's Olympic Games went out of business shortly after the Olympics allowed women to participate. Women lost a lot with this merger at first due to the fact that women were prohibited from many Olympic events that they could have participated in as part of the Women's Olympics. These restrictions weren't lifted until 1984. However in the long run co-ed Olympics are beneficial for women's sports. At the 2002 Olympics at Salt Lake City there was only two sports that USA women did not compete in, ski jumping and the Nordic combined.

Vice President for Information Technology and CIO at Radford University

September 19th, 2018, Mr. Danny M. Kemp spoke to our Enterprise Information Architecture class. Mr. Kemp is the Vice President for Information Technology and CIO at Radford University. He began by discussing his past experiences that led him to where he is now and what his responsibilities are. I am so glad that Dr. Pittges arranged Mr. Kemp as a guest speaker for us. Being an IT student myself, I am quite familiar with the rapid advancement of technologies over the past few decades and how it has been a challenge to the IT strategist to follow the latest trend and perform the business functionalities. We have the Division of Information Technology at Radford University, which is also responsible for fulfilling the technological needs of the faculty, students, and staffs. I think it must be really challenging to manage the entire division of IT. It was a great experience to hear from the man, Mr. Kemp, who is the person behind the scene for managing the Department of the IT. I was grateful when Mr. Kemp, who had been serving as a member of the President's executive cabinet, was sharing his experience. I was more surprised when he stated that he was responsible for providing vision, leadership, coordination and strategic planning for all the aspects of Information Technology at Radford University. It is quite amazing to learn how a person could manage several functionalities at the same time. I also learned that it is important to have a better understanding of technology trends that are applicable to client's business. I also realized that we need to keep a better articulation of tasks, deliverables, timelines and resources needed for any system. What I absorbed from Mr. Kemp's presentation is that we first need to develop some strategies and then only we should oversee the planning, evaluation, deployment and operation of the systems. The systems include areas such as IT infrastructure, enterprise systems, technology support services, web and mobile technologies, printing services, information security, electronic engineering and communication services, IT planning, policy and compliance, and IT project management. Every word he spoke felt like a word of wisdom to me. On the other hand, I was also quite happy to know his concerns regarding the security of the data of all the people directly and indirectly related to the university. It felt good when I knew that Duo – the two-factor authentication, which enhances security by adding a second layer of authentication to the login is also being implemented under his administration. I was personally very impressed by Mr. Kemp's presentation. He was very organized and very well informed about all the materials he was presenting. I strongly agree with Mr. Kemp's view on developing the strategies first for any business before trying to implement the planning and deployment. His presentation has affected me in a positive way. I am looking forward for the next guest speaker.

Pedro Paterno Essay

Pedro Paterno was born in Manila on February 27, 1857. Pedro Paterno was a Filipino statesman as well as a poet and writer. He was the author of Pacto de Biyak-na-Bato (Pact of Biyak-na-Bato), first published in 1910. He studied at Ateneo de Manila and afterwards at the University of Salamanca. He likewise enrolled at the Central University of Madrid where he completed his law degree. Paterno joined the Propaganda Movement. His greatest contribution to the country was his role as a mediator in the peace agreement between the Spaniards and the Filipinos. Read more: How did the constitution guard against tyranny mini q essay Pedro Paterno contributed a lot in Philippine literature too. His writings showed how much he loved his country. He had also given the Filipinos a sense of pride through the honors and achievements he had contributed to our culture and literature. His work El Cristianismo en la Antigua Civilization Tagalog, was one work that achieved so much admiration and recognition. Paterno was one of the representatives in the National Assembly on April 1899. He did not agree in the planned annexation of the Philippines to the United States. He believed that the Filipinos would rather choose to govern their own country than have it ruled by the Americans. Because of his refusal, other Filipinos followed suit. This refusal stirred their emotions to fight against the Americans later on. Paterno died on March 27, 1911 at the age of 53. Early life As the son of Maximo Molo Paterno and Carmen de Vera Ignacio, he belonged to a wealthy family. His first education was under Florentino Flores, and he later enrolled at Ateneo Municipal de Manila where he graduated in 1871. He went to Spain and studied at the University of Salamanca, then transferred to the Central University of Madrid where he took his law doctorate in 1880. Patriot Paterno helped in the negotiations of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato on December 15, 1897 and later wrote a book about it. While in Spain, he joined the Propaganda Movement. He wrote one of the first Filipino novels, entitled Ninay, which was published before Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere. He also  wrote Sampaguita y Poesias, a collection of Filipino poems in Spanish that was published in Madrid in 1880. In the 1890s, Paterno became the Prime Minister of the first Philippine Republic, a cabinet member and an assemblyman. During the American invasion of the Philippines, he was one of the Filipinos who favored the coming of the Americans and advocated the incorporation of both countries. Balimbing Reputation The reputation has its origins in Pedro Paterno’s role in the negotiation of the 1897 Pact of Biyak-na-Bato between the Philippine revolutionaries and the Spanish. Paterno agreed to abandon his fellow revolutionaries struggle and collaborate with the colonial administration. Then when the USA in 1898 declared war on Spain, Paterno urged the revolutionaries to defend Spanish rule against the Americans, and he continued to urge resistance to the USA during the Philippine-American war. When captured, he swore allegiance to the USA, and was subsequently appointed President of the Consultative Assembly. He has long been an easy target for nationalist historians. Perhaps because as an author of a considerable number of works of history, historians place him as an ilustrado who compromised with both colonialism and nationalism, with loyalties split between Spain and the Philippines. For historians Paterno’s â€Å"The Pact of Biyak-na-Bato† is a primary source on the top ic, but some historians (particularly Ambeth Ocampo) interpret this supposed historical writing as fiction. Here are some passages that draw the question of whether Paterno’s writings are fact or fiction: â€Å"A lady, a beautiful lass of seventeen years came to me one night panting, trembling, with her long hair spread out on her shoulders down to her back like a dark night. Her sweet lips were rosy and quivering, with her eyes filled with tears and her chest palpitating. I asked her, ‘What do you want?’ And I came to learn that all she wanted was for me to take her along. She told me between sobs and tears that she was very unfortunate, having fallen prey to a revolutionary chief whom she hated. My soul was tearing me to pieces because of this enchanting lady. But what could I do?† Another describes his wife on her deathbed. He wants to be with his wife, but then duty calls and he must forge peace in the Philippines between the revolutionists led by Emilio Aguinaldo and the enemy led by the Spanish governor-general. This is how Paterno resolves this delicate problem: â€Å"I reflected. Finally, I hit the  nail on its head. With money everything could be done. I gave her a respectable sum of money so she could run away. The poor girl made her escape and left nothing but a great longing and a rosary of sampaguita flowers that she gave me in return. I kept it among my unredeemed receipts and old documents which were being eaten by years of disillusion.† Paterno died of cholera at the age of 53. Pedro Paterno’s Proclamation of War June 2, 1899 To the Filipino people: No one is ignorant of the fact that since we took the direction of the Ship of State we have sacrificed ourselves to the services of the government of our republic, offering ourselves as victims for the sake of peace without abandoning the sacred idea of liberty and independence which fires our country; but the North Americans refuse to suspend hostilities, asked for by us so that we may consult the National Assembly, seat of free popular sovereignty. The Commissioners returning from Manila so declare. Since it is their desire, may the responsibility of the war and its consequences fall on the great nation of the United States of America. We have done our duty as patriots and human beings, showing the great powers of the world that the present cabinet has the diplomacy necessary to protect our casue as well as the arms required to defend our rights. The Council of Government, deciding to preserve our republican institutions, national independence, and the presidency of Don Emilio Agu inaldo, in spite of the Americans, who intended to construct upon our ruins the edifice of tyranny, has concluded to continue the war, preserving unhurt in their spirit and letter our constitution and laws, which we have conqured with so much blood and such sacrifices. To war, then, beloved brothers, to war! In order that the people be free it is necessary that they be brave. Rich and poor, learned and ignorant, beloved Filipinos, hasten to unite to save our native land from insult and ignominy, from punishments and scaffollds, from the sad and fatal inheritance of enslaved generations. The God of War, in whom we have put our faith and hoppe, will help us. Confusion, internal and  international dissensions and conflicts, rend the invading army; its volunteers, being aware that we are in the right, fight without enthusiasm and only in compliance with their forced military duty. Within the American nation itself, a great political party asks for the recognition of our rights, and the Divine Providence watches over the justice of our case. Forward, Filipinos, and the sun of vistory will shine upon us. Long live the Filipino sovereign people !! Long live national independence !! Long live the liberating army !! Long live Don Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Republic !! Pedro Alejandro Paterno (February 27, 1858 – March 11, 1911) was a Filipino politician, as well as a poet and novelist.[1] His intervention on behalf of the Spanish led to the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato on December 14, 1897, an account of which he published in 1910. Among his other works include the first novel written by a native Filipino, Ninay (1885), and the first Filipino collection of poems in Spanish, Sampaguitas y poesà ­as (Jasmines and Poems), published in Madrid in 1880.[2] Biak-na-Bato At the trial of Josà © Rizal in 1896, it was suggested that Paterno, along with Rizal, had incited the Katipunan because they had both written about the ancient Tagalog civilization. As evidence for their complicity, the Spanish prosecution cited Paterno’s earlier work â€Å"Antigua Civilizacià ³n† as promoting ideas which had â€Å"consequences both erroneous and injurious to Spanish sovereignty.† Nobody moved against Paterno, however, because he was close to a significant number of Spanish officials – both military and civilian – who could vouch for him. Thus, Paterno, like many others of the Manila elite, distanced himself from the events of the Katipunan revolution.[1] In 1897 the Philippine revolutionary forces led by Emilio Aguinaldo had been driven out of Cavite and retreated northwards from town to town until they finally settled in Biak-na-Bato, in the town of San Miguel de Mayumo in Bulacan. Here, they established what became known as th e Republic of Biak-na-Bato.[3] In late July, 1897, Paterno voluntarily presented himself to Governor  General Fernando Primo de Rivera, whom he had known while living in Spain, and offered his services as a mediator.[1] Because many highly-placed Spaniards of the time thought Paterno held great sway over the natives, Primo de Rivera accepted Paterno’s offer. He called for a truce, explaining his decision to the Cortes Generales: â€Å"I can take Biak-na-Bato, any military man can take it, but I can not answer that I could crush the rebellion.†[3] Paterno left Manila on August 4, 1897 and found Aguinaldo five days later. This began a three-month-long series of talks which saw Paterno constantly shuffling between Manila, Biyak-na-bato, and some areas in Southern Luzon where a number of revolutionary chiefs held sway. During the negotiations, Paterno’s wife Luisa died on November 27, 1897.[1] In ceremonies on December 14-15 that year, Aguinaldo signed the Pact of Biak-na-bato. He proclaimed the official end of the Philippine revolution on Christmas Day, and on left for Hong Kong via the port of Dagupan on December 27.[3] He returned to Manila on January 11 amidst great celebration, but was spurned by Primo de Rivera and other authorities when he asked to be recompensed by being granted a dukedom, a seat on the Spanish Senate, and payment for his services in Mexican Dollars.[1] The Filipino negotiators for the Pact of Biak-na-Bato. Seated from left to right: Paterno and Emilio Aguinaldo with five companions Prime minister He served as prime minister of the first Philippine republic in the middle of 1899, and served as head of the country’s assembly, and the cabinet. American Colonial Period  With the Philippine-American War after the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, he was among the most prominent Filipinos who joined the American side and advocated the incorporation of the Philippines into the United States. Death He died of cholera on March 11, 1911. His literary work was not appreciated until several decades after his death. Legacy Pedro Paterno Despite Paterno’s prominence in the many upheavals that defined the birth of the Philippine nation during his lifetime, Paterno’s legacy is largely  infamous among Philippine historians and nationalists. Philippine historian Resil Mojares notes that: History has not been kind to Pedro Paterno. A century ago, he was one of the country’s premier intellectuals, blazing trails in Philippine letters. Today he is ignored in many of the fields in which he once held forth with much eminence, real and imagined. No full length biography or extended review of his corpus of writings has been written, and no one reads him today.[1] Much of this is attributed to Paterno’s penchant for turncoatism, as described by historian Ambeth Ocampo, who sums up his career thus: Remember, Paterno was one of the greatest â€Å"balimbing† [turncoats] in history (perhaps he was the original balimbing in Philippine political history). He was first on the Spanish side, then when the declaration of independence was made in 1898, he wormed his way to power and became president of the Malolos Congress in 1899, then sensing the change in political winds after the establishment of the American colonial government, he became a member of the First Philippine Assembly.[2] Title Ninay Original author Paterno, Pedro Original date of document 1908 Original place of publication Limbagan Nang La Republika Kiotan Bilang 30, 1908. Publisher Limbagan Ng La Republika Kiotan Bilang 30 Place of Publication Limbagan Nang La Republika Kiotan Bilang 30, 1908. Period American Occupation Category Culture Society Language Filipino Textual Physical Form Book Physical description 262p. Ninay is considered the first Philippine and Tagalog novel. Written by Pedro Paterno and published in 1908, it portrayed the richness of the Philippine environment and culture through intertwined narratives and descriptions of the countries sights and rituals. It served to disprove the Spanish assertion that the Philippines did not have a distinct culture. Contents[hide] * 1 Synopsis * 2 External Links * 3 References * 4 Citation| [edit] Synopsis The novel uses the local tradition of pasiyam or nine-day novena as a frame to two narratives of unrequited and ill-fated love. The pasiyam is being held for Ninay. The first narrative is that of Ninay and her lover Carlos Mabagsic who is wrongly accused of leading an insurrection by a Portuguese businessman, Federico Silveyro. Carlos leaves for a colorful journey abroad, but when he comes back, Ninay has entered the convent. He acquires and dies of cholera and soon after, Ninay is struck and killed by the same disease. The second narrative is that of Loleng and Berto. Don Juan Silveyro’s evil schemes prevent the lovers from being together. Loleng dies and Berto turns into an outlaw to take revenge on Don Juan. Berto also unwittingly avenges Ninay and Carlos by ending Federico’s wickedness as well. The novel has ten chapters: an introduction followed by one chapter for every night of the pasiyam.

Constructivist Learning and VLEs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Constructivist Learning and VLEs - Essay Example As the essay stresses learning theories are the basis of instructional-design theories. Reigeluth comments that the relationship between a learning theory and an instructional theory could be equated to that of a house and its foundation. Problem-based learning (PBL), is a constructivist learning model, which is fundamentally an instructional-design theory. Reigeluth observes that a theory is considered to be an instructional theory if it â€Å"offers explicit guidance on how to better help people learn and develop.† From the report it is clear that constructivist theories are based on the assumption that students must construct their own ideas through the guidance of a teacher. Here the teacher is a mere guide and the student shoulders the responsibility of unravelling knowledge for themselves. In constructivist model of education, there is no memorising of theory and data. Students have to reach upon their conclusions and have to develop knowledge by themselves. As Miller suggests, if the learner is to acquire specific knowledge, then the instruction must employ the correct instructional strategy for promoting the acquisition of that kind of knowledge. Cognitive Constructivism propounded by Piaget believes in the supremacy of mind in learning process and considers the organization of information around concepts, problems, and the interrelationships of associated subjects and ideas.

Stem Cell and Embryos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stem Cell and Embryos - Essay Example It is therefore a thing of value because it involves the very existence of a person, in fact, the vital stage in the beginning of life. Genetic diversity is a very important concern in cloning (Bonnicksen 169). If cloning babies were safe, then those who have superior genetic modification will most likely prevail in some circumstances. For example, this is depicted in the movie Gattaca, where there was a distinction between valid and invalid person. Those valid have higher value in the society because of their advanced genetic make up. Cloning babies therefore is a special concern because it brings with it social, political and economic issues, which at the moment are vital matters linked with inequality. For example, cloning is expensive so not all will benefit from it, only the powerful few. Curing genetic diseases is a vital promise of stem cell research. In this case, the government should promote it and further encourage more experimentation. However, since stem cell research substantially includes genetic concerns, the government should ensure important guidelines and even regulation for this

Digital Intellectual Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Digital Intellectual Property - Essay Example Digital intellectual property is a type of intellectual property, which is somewhat more technical and information technology oriented. Some of the most common digital intellectual property issues include plagiarism, reverse engineering, open source code, competitive intelligence, and cyber squatting. In this paper, we will discuss plagiarism, which is one of the most common digital intellectual property issues. Plagiarism In the simplest form, plagiarism means to use someone’s idea, conversation, writing, or any other thing without using the reference of that person. Plagiarism is not only associated with the act of copying someone’s written work or oral speeches without mentioning the source but also it is associated with all types of visual art works, music, and paintings. â€Å"A painting that is a direct copy of someone else’s work without permission is also plagiarism when the work is presented as one’s own† (Ellis-Christensen, n.d.). There ar e a number of ethical issues related to plagiarism, which make it one of the most common issues all over the world. â€Å"Plagiarism violates the law as well as individual moral codes† (Jorgensen, n.d.). ... 5). My personal point of view regarding the issue of plagiarism is that it is an act of copying and cheating which is totally against the creativity ethics. Rozakis (2007) states, â€Å"Plagiarism is a serious lapse in ethics as well as a cause for failure† (p. 118). Here, I would like to relate a personal experience in which my professor caught me for the act of plagiarism. My professor gave me an assignment in which I had to write a one-page paper on some topic of my interest. I wrote the paper on discrimination and submitted it to the professor. Unfortunately, the professor gave me no marks for the paper as he caught some plagiarism in that paper. Actually, I copied a couple of paragraphs from a website and tried to write them in my own words. My professor discouraged my act and asked me that I should have mentioned the source even for paraphrasing. Although I lost my marks in that assignment but I got some new information about plagiarism that one should not closely paraph rase two large paragraphs without mentioning the source. Some people say that paraphrasing is one of the ways to avoid plagiarism. However, if someone does paraphrasing of a small paragraph or a quotation, which is very close to the original version, it is also a form of plagiarism. â€Å"Paraphrasing someone else’s work too closely is another form of plagiarism† (Ellis-Christensen, n.d.). Plagiarism is cheating which cannot be tolerated in any case. Submitting someone else’s work as one’s own, doing close paraphrasing, not documenting the references properly, or copying personal work are such actions which do not find any base in the ethics of creative works. Some people use copyrighted work available on the internet

What is a network Discuss the advantages of using a network, and Essay

What is a network Discuss the advantages of using a network, and briefly explain the main types of networks - Essay Example Instead, all computers in a network can be connected to a single printer such that users can access it from their work stations. This helps to minimize costs, time wastage as well as protecting the machines from contracting computer viruses, which may be spread through the use of removable storage devices to transfer documents (Newman, 2010). There are various types of networks which include and not limited to; local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN) and metropolitan area networks (MAN) (Wetherall, 2010). Computers and other hardware in a LAN are connected within a short geographical distance, for example a building, a hospital or a school, through the use of guided media i.e. cables. If numerous LANs are interconnected within a wide geographical area such as across continents then, they form a Wide Area Network. The internet is an example of a WAN as it facilitates connectivity between users throughout the world regardless of their geographical location. On the other hand MAN is an interconnection of several LANs within a geographical location smaller than that of WAN. This type of connectivity can be found within an area for example a city or a town (Wetherall,

The Emperor Justinian's Code influenced government organization, views Research Paper

The Emperor Justinian's Code influenced government organization, views on leadership and church-and-state relationships throughout many future governments - Research Paper Example The laws became the legal binding laws of the state. The Emperor Justinian’s Code influenced government organization, views on leadership and church-and-state relationships throughout many future governments. Justinian was born 482 in the area that in modern times is called the Balkans, north of Greece. He was the nephew of the then emperor and thus had had a great deal of power even before he became the emperor. On his accession to the throne, he united the neighboring areas to become the sole emperor of the east region for thirty-seven years from 527. The then state was closely connected with the church. All emperors preceding Justinian, since the dominance of Constantine, had always incorporated religious extremism of intolerance into the legal framework and thus Justinian followed the same tradition. The past regimes had been very ruthless persecuting those who did not tow to the Christian teachings, Justinian’s reign became a very crucial era that affected future governments especially in antiquity and early epoch of the middle ages. In the Nicene religious wars, the emperor became an icon and a hero as he led successive campaigns against the classical thought, and all other people opposed to Christianity (Sarris 65). He achieved these victories against non-believers by imposing oppressive binding imperial decrees that were not to be opposed, the government of Justinian was unanimously supporting forced conversions, and the existing temples of other religions were destroyed with the government troops actively involved in the religious campaigns. Though the use of troops in the enactment of the religious agendas had been inexistence since the time of Constantine, it reached its climax during the time of Justinian. The emperor’s campaigns of using state machinery to force other people to do the bidding of the church became very formidable such that it lasted for generations until the

Contracting and Procurement in Project Management College Essay

Contracting and Procurement in Project Management College - Essay Example However, it is also important to understand that the terms of each contract mostly vary from project to project depending upon the requirements of the each project. These terms largely depend upon the preference for quality, economy, flexibility as well as speed with which agreed terms and conditions of the contract can be delivered. Under these contracts, the allowable costs associated with the contract are identified first as these costs would be major costs to make buying and selling on the agreed terms of the contract. All the costs incurred therefore by the sellers are reimbursed by the buyer in the end according to the agreed terms of the contract. This type of contract can be highly risky for the buyer because the total costs associated with the contract always remain uncertain despite they are being identified. Any cost over-runs has to be borne by the buyer if contract terms go awry and does not remain within the control of either the buyer or the seller. However, on the positive side, scope changes in such kind of contracts are easy to make and buyer can do it anytime he wants however, this may increase the total cost of the contract. As discussed above that the cost reimbursable contracts are highly uncertain therefore contractors have very little ambitions or advantage to produce efficiently and productively. However, such kind of contracts helps contractors or sellers to pass on the increasing costs to the buyer. Such types of contracts are used when there is a greater uncertainty associated with the project and are used for projects which involve large investments being made in early part of its life. There are also sub-types of cost reimbursable contracts. These are: 1) Cost plus Fee are contracts where contractors are not only reimbursed of their total cost incurred but also a certain percentage of the overall cost of the contract. The percentages are decided before entering into the contract and are mostly documented in the contract. 2) Cost plus fixed fee are contract where the whole cost is charged back along with certain agreed fixed fee as the contract completion fee. This fixed fee is often considered as the profit of the seller. (contractmanagement.com, 2007). 3) Cost plus incentive is a type of contract where the buyer not only reimburse the total cost to the seller but also provide a certain amount as an incentive fee for exceeding the performance against the agreed contract terms. Such kind of terms may ensure better performance on the part of the seller as it provide them an added incentive to perform and execute the contract in most efficient way. This type f contract can beneficial to both the buyer and the seller if well written and can be a good alternative to the cost reimbursable contract. Fixed Price Contracts Such types of contracts fix a certain specific fee for the goods and services to be rendered before entering

Stand and Deliver Essay Example for Free

Stand and Deliver Essay In the movie Stand and Deliver, directed by Ramon Menendez, Mr. Escalante who starts teaching math at a poor high school meets several difficulties at the beginning of the movie. When Mr. Escalante is driving down the street on his way to Garfield High School, he begins to notice dirty walls that are full of graffiti, closed shops, gang members, and poor people. When Mr. Escalante arrives at the school, he notices that there is no order in the hallways. Such as students are late for classes, and they are disrespectful to teachers. Mr. Escalante is supposed to be a computer teacher at Garfield High School; however, he is told that this high school does not have any computers. As the result, he becomes a math teacher who is determined to â€Å"change the system and challenge the students to a higher level of achievement. † Mr. Escalante is at first not well liked by students, receiving an immense amount of laughs and tricks. The reason is that students in this high school focus more on entertainment rather than academics. All those tough situations do not defeat Mr. Escalante. He finds his way to solve them step by step. He does not react on the first day, letting the students talk back and throw paper at him. The next day he comes to class with a butcher’s knife and an apron on in order to get the class’s attention. He whacks a huge chunk of an apple out in front of the whole class, which immediately gets the students’ full attention and he begins.

Change of Management in Nursing: Causes and Impacts

Change of Management in Nursing: Causes and Impacts Problems in nursing practices Nursing practice refers to the process of protecting, promoting and optimizing health and abilities, preventing illnesses and injuries through the treatment of human response. Nursing is a health sector which is concerned with the protection and the care of individual. The purpose of this assignment is to elaborate more about problems that are involved in the nursing practice, there importance and how they can be evaluated. In the nursing sector there are many problems which encounter the nurses working there hence this leads to a poor working environment or may also lead to poor nursing skills. Most problems encountered in the nursing sector are always influenced by the management in the health sector. Most health sectors have poor managerial skills which prove to have minimum likelihood of operating under good conditions. The managerial issues in the health sector have led to the diminish of good and quality nurses who are able to provide the best and reliable services to the patients in the hospitals. The managerial hierarchy is always involved in many factors concerning the health sector which includes:Staffing,Satisfaction on patient’s needs,Inter relationships among the working nurses, Job hazards and their appropriate safety in the sector, Advances in technology about the hospital equipments and Patient relationships. Managerial hierarchy is the stronghold’s part of a certain sector where it should provide the best skills for the proper working of the whole health sector. It is important and guaranteed that health sector should have the best working condition worldwide in order to ensure that each and every person with health problems is treated with much care. There are many important factors which are always applicable to the management in the health sector. They include: Good management reduces costs made to in the health sector. This helps in realization and maximization of results through fewer inputs by proper planning. The management will be able to use physical, financial resources in order to reduce cost production involved in the health sector. Good management will help in the realization of the sector’s goals. The nursing management will be able to arrange the best factors which are eligible to offer the best services to the patients through the nurses hence providing an effective manner of achieving its goals. Good managerial skills will establish equilibrium to the sector whereby it enhances the health sector to survive under different and variable working environment. There is optimum utilization of available resources. The management will utilize the human resources productively. It will provide maximum utilization of the scarce resources by providing its best solutions in the health sector for various uses. Good management will also provide essentials for the prosperity of the society. An efficient management will enable increase the welfare among the people of the society. In the journal, Advanced and Specialist Nursing Practice: Attitudes of Nurses and Physicians in Israel states that with the introduction of new and advanced nursing roles, the profession is undergoing dynamic change. Realization of such changes will be easier to accomplish if the nursing community and other healthcare professionals welcome the process of change in the nursing sector. The journal says that the goal is to evaluate Israeli nurses towards the introduction of new nursing roles and to expand the scope of nursing practice. In the journal Managerial responses to Medicaid prospective payment in the nursing home sector proposes that healthcare reform at the national level is extremely improbable. The nursing professionals should have adequate skills on the provision of care to the sick patients. It claims that with better skills in health sector helps in providing a suitable working environment (Brodsky Dijk, 2011). In the journal, Managing Nursing Assets: A primer on maximizing investment in people argues that nurse managers require critical competencies and skills to thrive in today’s health care environment. A nurse manager’s relationship with nursing staff is the primary variable that can reduce turnover and improve unit morale in a variety of different ways hence self confidence is required. Changing the health management staff refers to the processes and human beings and techniques deployed in order to effectively manage the required change for a better outcome. Change will always occur in a sector when there is a problem which continually exists. A change of health management will involve implementation and provided risks to the existing sector. The change should be realistic and also achievable. It can also be in terms of increased performance and reduction of costs. There should be a change in terms of management in the health and nursing sector. Management hierarchy should be stable in order to establish a good working environment for the nurses so that they can deliver good services to the patients in the hospitals. Establishment of changes in the health sector should be towards the realization of goals made through the provision of better services. Changing the old operating management leads to the birth of a new system which probably has better skills compared to the previous one. For a nursing sector to have benefits there should be adequate knowledge on how to effectively manage it. Without the existence of change control command system in a sector there will be assumptions that there is poor management in the health and nursing sector. There are many changes which are always suggested especially when there is suitability of changing the management board. This will include: Changing the control board in the health sector. This will involve targeting key people especially those who don’t give a well presented outcome of what they have done in the course of their work. Lazy managerial workers are supposed to be prevented from operating in such fragile health sectors so that better and quality services are provided. Nurses in the managerial hierarchy who have less skills about there work should be of rid to the health sector (Reid Coburn, 2010). There should be effective identification, validation and communication among the people working together. This will enable proper communication among the people working together in the hospitals hence providing a good working environment. Implementing and evaluating the change in practice. This will involve the building the systems for knowing the patients, identification of problems early, communicating them and managing the changes of the patient at an early stage. Integrating and maintaining the changes brought into practice. This will develop knowledge and skills in assembling topics concerning the clinical nursing issues. This will enhance recognizable knowledge and provide well formulated answers for clinical questions. There are factors which are considered during the implementation of the changes made. One of these strongly considered factors is the individual patient or family needs and preferences. Family backgrounds will largely affect the changes made through implementation. A certain family will come up with an idea of transferring their own patient to another hospital maybe due to poor services provided in the nursing facilities. This will lead to thorough and keen investigation of the nursing facilities which will probably lead to most changes which will cause implementation of the nursing structure. Most patients are unable to give their own thoughts on services offered to them. This is because there is limited patient engagement with the nurses present in the nursing facilities. The patients will be unable to interact with the nurses due to poor interaction skills experienced from the nurses hence there is limited communication among them. Patients are supposed to engage effectively in speaking for better services to be provided on them. Patients are supposed to conquer the obstacles which prevent them from engaging in decision making among them. The patient may have additional needs that are supposed to be analyzed in multiple dimensions. Patient values and there preferable needs are of clinical interview whereby the implementation of the nursing changes will lead to evaluation of patient values. There needs should be expressed to the managing sector so that the nursing team will provide with all the necessities while in the nursing clinics. This will ensure that all the system within which the practices for patient nursing cares differ from the majority or one’s own (Reid Coburn, 2010). Patients and family needs will lead to the analysis of ethical and legalized implications that the patient has to describe the boundaries of the nursing clinics. The value shared in decision making among the patient and families will be embraced even during conflicts. This will lead to the analysis of strategies that will empower the patients and families in terms of health care. Patients are engaged in active partnerships during illness moments hence there is respect over patient preferences and reasponsibilties.Barriers are eliminated to presence of families hence there is changes in nursing clinics. Integration of principles involved in effective communication with quality knowledge and safety among them will give a description of good reflective practice. Continued analyzing and improving of a patient’s level will enhance changes through communication with the nurses in the nursing care facilities (Flannery Grace, 2009). When patients demonstrate knowledge concerning their health, they will appreciate their strengths and weaknesses and practice the need for quality conduct. .Flexibility of the patient values are more important in terms of been supportive to specific interventions whereby there is impact implicated on changes made. Health cares managers should be able to recognize that there is need for engaging patients and family members in matters concerning them so that the health cares will deliver more and better resources to them. As there are changes taking place in the nursing sector, it is important to evaluate the results made after the changes have been made. Evaluating will involve the relations between the original strategy and the sector’s objectives. When the changes are not evaluated it will become difficult for the management sector to show how well they have been managing the whole process. When the management is able to review and monitor its own objectives there will be further improvements that is required in a health sector. When the change is not successful, the managers are still able to evaluate why the change process had to fail. The best way of evaluating change processes is through performance indices. If a sector’s objective is to increase productivity then its output can be compared to the input. Evaluation of the outcomes made helps in keeping the processes of change stable. Change is considered as the biggest challenge for all sectors even though large or small. Change is at a pace whereby it is universal and it is known to be increasing with time. References Brodsky, E., Dijk, D. V. (2011). Advanced and specialist nursing practice: Attitudes of nurses and physicians in Israel. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 40(2), 187-94. Retrieved from Reid, W. M., Coburn, A. F. (2010). Managerial responses to Medicaid prospective payment in the nursing home sector. Hospital Health Services Administration, 41(3), 283. Retrieved from Flannery, T. P., Grace, J. L. (2009). Managing nursing assets: A primer on maximizing investment in people. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 23(4), 35-46. Retrieved from